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Command Line Utilities

Arp- Arp.exe is used to resolve an IP address to its hardware (MAC address). Local Arp cache is checked first before initiating an ARP request broadcast

Switches
-a - View the contents of the local ARP cache table
-s - Add a static Arp entry for frequent accessed hosts
-d - Delete a entry

ipconfig - The ipconfig is a command line tool for NT that shows how the computer's IP stack is configured.

C:\ipconfig

Windows NT IP Configuration:

Ethernet adapter E100B1:

IP Address ...................:198.133.234.23
Subnet Mask ..................:255.255.255.0
Default Gateway...............:198.133.234.2

Switches
/all - Extra information is revealed; IP host name, DNS, WINS server
/release - If DHCP is enabled, you release the lease with this switch.
/renew - The renew switch will update and renew DHCP lease information from the DHCP Server.

netstat The netstat tool displays protocol statistics and the state of current TCP/IP connections

C:\WINDOWS>netstat /?

Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connections.

NETSTAT [-a] [-e] [-n] [-s] [-p proto] [-r] [interval]

  -a            Displays all connections and listening ports.
  -e            Displays Ethernet statistics. This may be combined with the -s
                option.
  -n            Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form.
  -p proto      Shows connections for the protocol specified by proto; proto
                may be TCP or UDP.  If used with the -s option to display
                per-protocol statistics, proto may be TCP, UDP, or IP.
  -r            Displays the routing table.
  -s            Displays per-protocol statistics.  By default, statistics are
                shown for TCP, UDP and IP; the -p option may be used to specify
                a subset of the default.
  interval      Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds
                between each display.  Press CTRL+C to stop redisplaying
                statistics.  If omitted, netstat will print the current
                configuration information once.

nbtstat The nbtstat checks the state of NetBIOS over TCP/IP connections and returns NetBIOS session and name resolution statistics. This tool can also be used to update the local NetBIOS name cache.

Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT(NetBIOS over TCP/IP).
NBTSTAT [-a RemoteName] [-A IP address] [-c] [-n]
        [-r] [-R] [-s] [S] [interval] ]
  -a   (adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its name
  -A   (Adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its
                        IP address.
  -c   (cache)          Lists the remote name cache including the IP addresses
  -n   (names)          Lists local NetBIOS names.
  -r   (resolved)       Lists names resolved by broadcast and via WINS
  -R   (Reload)         Purges and reloads the remote cache name table
  -S   (Sessions)       Lists sessions table with the destination IP addresses
  -s   (sessions)       Lists sessions table converting destination IP
                        addresses to host names via the hosts file.

  RemoteName   Remote host machine name.
  IP address   Dotted decimal representation of the IP address.
  interval     Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds
               between each display. Press Ctrl+C to stop redisplaying
               statistics.

Note: Netstat works for TCP/IP connections, and Nbtstat works for NetBIOS connections.

nslookup The Nslookup tool is used to trace DNS queries from start to finish

Ping- Ping.exe verifies configurations and tests connectivity

If you can ping a hostname but cannot connect to a share point in Explorer, then the LMHOST file does not have an entry for that hostname or WINS is not working. Conversely, if you CAN connect to a share in Explorer yet cannot ping the hostname, then either the HOST file entry is wrong or DNS is not working.

NetBIOS-problems are due to problems with WINS or LMHOST file.
DNS- problems are due to HOST file errors or DNS server problems.

tracert-The Tracert tool shows the route a packet will take over a network from one computer to another.

winipcfg- The winipcfg is a GUI version for Windows 95/98 of ipconfig